Linguoaxiological Features of Adjectives’ Semantics, Describing a Person in Terms of Politeness in Tatar, Russian and English Languages

Abstract

This article explores adjectives in Tatar, Russian and English languages, which contain characteristics on the level of politeness. Until now this lexico-semantic group has not attracted the attention of researchers of Tatar, Russian or English languages. Relevance and novelty is also due to the comparative nature of the study and its axiological orientation. The author has established the basic principle of lexemes differentiation in the lexico-semantic group (LSG), namely the axiological and identified two major lexicosemantic subgroups (the LSSG) and lexico-semantic micro-groups (LSMG). The field principle for describing the semantics of adjectives of the three languages was used in this article. Considerable attention was paid to the identification of linguocultural specificity of politeness conceptualization that exists in the minds of Tatar, Russian and English native speakers. The politeness concept was clearly represented in the categories of metaphorical and idiomatic expressions. In accordance with the nature of the evaluative semantics and its place in the semantic structure of the word, all analyzed adjectives are attributed to two basic semantic types: DE -1 (words with combined descriptive and evaluative components) and DE - 2 (words with the dominant evaluative component).