MNU Research Archive (NARA)

Maqsut Narikbayev University Research Archive

is the institutional digital archive of scientific publications of the university. NARA is designed for the systematization, long-term preservation, and dissemination of academic and research works. The archive provides open access to research results, enhances their visibility in the international scientific community, and supports the development of academic collaboration. Instructions for Uploading Materials → the link.

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Access status: Open Access ,
Defining collectivism as duties in relationships rather than generalized warmth improves predictive validity in 100 cultures
(Nature Human Behaviour, 2026) Adil Samekin
Experts widely agree that East Asian cultures are more collectivistic than Western cultures. Yet 76 survey studies found no reliable difference. Our explanation is that the most-used surveys are contaminated with ‘warm fuzzy’ items, which describe warmth and prosociality towards everyone near and far. We argue that collectivism is better understood as ‘responsibilism’, which emphasizes responsibilities in close relationships. A survey found that many cultural psychologists expect collectivistic cultures to agree with warm fuzzy items. Then we developed a responsibilism scale and tested 12,247 people in 100 cultures. Results showed large cultural differences (d = 3.98 [2.50, 5.43]) that were previously obscured by flawed measurement. Responsibilism predicted differences across societies (such as family ties and corruption) and individuals (social class and politics) that most earlier scales missed. This study offers a solution to previous puzzling findings by distinguishing warm fuzzy prosociality from responsibilism and introducing a scale with stronger predictive validity.
Access status: Open Access ,
Immigrants Through the Eyes of Citizens of kazakhstan: The Attitude of the host society to the Immigrants’ health
(Journal of Central Asian Studies, № 3 (95), Pp. 30-45, 2024) Bolatov A.; Samekin A.; Bozymbayeva N.; Bekbayev A.
This article examines the attitudes of Kazakhstani citizens towards health problems among immigrants. Respondents (N=401) from different regions of Kazakhstan took part in the study in 2023. According to the results of the study, it was found that (1) male respondents demonstrated significantly higher engagement with news about migrants compared to females. (2) Age and level of education were not associated with news engagement. (3) The probability of emigration correlated negatively with age but positively with education level, and positively with frequency of following migration news. (4) Individuals with conservative ideological orientations and liberal economic perspectives were more likely to follow migration news. (5) Attitudes towards immigrant health varied, with the majority supporting continuous health monitoring but divided opinions on whether immigrants pose a danger to public health. (6) Socio-demographic factors such as language, gender, experience living abroad, and ideological orientation influenced attitudes toward immigrant health. Therefore, understanding the complex attitudes of citizens towards immigrant health issues is essential for developing targeted interventions and policies that promote integration and address the diverse needs of both immigrants and the host population in Kazakhstan.
Access status: Open Access ,
What shapes the social perception of immigrant groups in Kazakhstan? The role of ethnic- and language-based identities and underlying threat and benefit perceptions
(International Journal of Intercultural Relations 109, 2025) Samekin A.; Bolatov A.; Kotzur P.F.
In this study, we go beyond previous literature studying social perception of immigrant groups in Western, rich, educated, industrialized, and democratic contexts by contributing the first study of this kind in Kazakhstan, a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual country. Utilizing the stereotype content model framework, we investigated which immigrant groups are salient in Kazakhstani society (pilot study, N = 401). Building on these findings, we examined differences in warmth and competence perceptions across salient immigrant groups in Kazakhstani society in our main study (N = 500). Finally, we investigated the role of the ethnic and language-based identity of the perceiver in shaping the social perceptions for a subgroup of immigrant groups, and extended the stereotype content model framework with the threat and benefit model to investigate whether perceived societal threats or benefits explained these differences. Meaningful differences emerged along both dimensions of warmth and competence. Additionally, findings suggested that Russianspeakers perceived immigrant groups as warmer and more competent than Kazakh-speakers, which was explained by higher benefit rather than threat perceptions. Overall, we contributed novel insights on the social perception of immigrants and its determinants in a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual context, which we hope will provide a fertile ground for future investigations in under-researched areas and beyond
Access status: Open Access ,
Sustainable Business Models: Bridging Theory and Practice Through an Integrative Conceptual Review
(World 2026, 7, 139, 2026) Timur Kogabayev; Bakytzhan Akan; Assel Akan; Meruyert Bekturganova; Rando Värnik
Sustainable business models (SBMs) describe how organizations create, deliver, and capture value while simultaneously generating economic, environmental, and social benefits for a broad set of stakeholders. Although the field has expanded rapidly since the late 2000s, the literature remains conceptually dispersed: definitions proliferate, design tools and archetypes coexist without integration, and findings on the link between sustainability practices and firm performance remain inconsistent. To address this fragmentation, this study conducts a PRISMA 2020-guided systematic literature review of foundational and recent contributions published between 2008 and 2025. Of 300 records identified through database searching, 30 studies met the eligibility criteria and were synthesized qualita- tively; these are interpreted together with complementary theoretical and methodological literature. Rather than reporting bibliometric indicators, the review synthesizes the field across three dimensions: the evolution of the SBM concept, its dominant design logics and archetypes, and its contemporary thematic landscape. The findings trace a progression from foundational triple-bottom-line conceptualization, through archetype- and tool-based design approaches such as the Triple-Layered Business Model Canvas and pattern tax- onomies, toward digitally enabled, circular, and resilience-oriented models. These patterns are interpreted through complementary theoretical lenses—the resource-based and natural- resource-based views, dynamic capabilities, information-processing theory, and stakeholder theory. The review consolidates these insights into an integrative conceptual framework that links theoretical foundations, value-design dimensions, enabling capabilities, and triple-bottom-line outcomes. It further discusses implications for managers and outlines a research agenda emphasizing digital and circular enablers, longitudinal designs, and the under-examined context of emerging markets, with an applied emphasis on Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
Access status: Open Access ,
Is Societal Progress Muting the Expressivity of Negative Emotions? Evidence from Two Cross-national Studies
(SAGE Publications, 2026) Adil Samekin
Contemporary theories of emotion emphasize the dual role of emotions as both personal experiences and communicative signals during social interactions. However, the impact of macro-level societal structures on emotional expression remains underexplored. This study investigates the expression-experience discrepancy for self-reported emotions across nations, focusing on how societal development relates to this discrepancy, which captures expressivity. Using meta-analysis and multilevel modeling with a multinational sample (Nsample = 12,549, knation = 48; Study 1), we assessed the directions and variabilities in the frequency of expression of both positive and negative emotions, relative to the frequency of experiencing them. Negative emotions were more likely to be under-expressed. Further analyses revealed that societal trust, system quality and fairness, and the human development index significantly predicted the size of these discrepancies. Surprisingly, these effects were not associated with traditional cultural dimensions such as individualism versus collectivism, providing new insights into the social functionality of emotions from a macro perspective. These findings were replicated in an extended multinational sample (Nsample = 19,690, knation = 65; Study 2). Our findings highlight the importance of considering structural and societal factors in emotion research and provide a foundation for future explorations into the relations between cultural contexts and the expression of emotions.