Examining the Socio-Political Implications of Internal Labour Migration in Kazakhstan

Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic and political implications of internal labour migration in Kazakhstan. The aim of the study is to identify the factors and causes of internal labour migration, with further analysis of the consequences of these factors and their impact on labour markets and other aspects. This thesis applies descriptive and secondary data analysis and investigates government sources, national statistics, and the studies of other scholars on this topic. Wage differentials between regions and regional socio-economic and political differences were identified as the main factors of internal labour migration. To make a profound analysis, the effectiveness of government resettlement programs such as Serpin 2050 and Enbek were also considered. According to main results of this study, higher average wages and better living conditions in urban centers, such as Astana and Almaty, pull a significant inflow of low-income citizens. This inflow leads to unequal distribution in the labour market, particularly oversaturation of urban labour markets and workplace shortages in rural areas. The study points to the essence of a structured migration policy. It notes the importance of taking into account both the factors of inflow to rural areas and the factors of attraction to urban centers. It also emphasizes the importance of sustainable economic development and infrastructure improvement in the regions. This thesis underlines the complex interplay of socio-economic factors of internal migration and raises the question of adopting comprehensive policy measures to effectively manage migration flows. This in turn could reduce social tensions and contribute to balanced regional development.